The four functions of behavior, with examples
Function is why a behavior keeps happening. Topography is only what it looks like. Two clients can throw the same toy for different reasons and need different plans, so function comes from what follows the behavior, not from how it looks.
| Function | What the client gets | Example: throwing a toy |
|---|---|---|
| Attention | A reaction from other people | An adult comes over and talks about it each time, even to scold. |
| Escape or avoidance | A task or demand goes away or is put off | The worksheet is removed after the throw. |
| Tangible | An item or activity | A peer's tablet is handed over to calm things down. |
| Automatic | The sensory result of the behavior itself | The behavior also happens alone, with nobody reacting. |
Why it matters in a session
- A consequence can backfire if it fits the wrong function. Time-out from attention can strengthen escape-maintained behavior, because it removes the task.
- Functional communication training teaches an easier way to get the same reinforcer, such as asking for a break instead of throwing materials.
- One behavior can have more than one function.
- Your job is to record the antecedent, behavior and consequence objectively. A qualified supervisor designs and directs functional assessment.
Try the free 20-question practice test, or read about partial and whole interval recording and DRA, DRI, DRO and DRL.
Want three full-length practice exams? The Behavior Technician Exam Prep Pack costs $32 on Gumroad: a PDF study guide, three 85-question practice exams with answer keys and rationales, and 96 flashcards. It is our own paid product, so this link is a commercial link and not a neutral recommendation.